FEMA Mitigation Publications
Contents:
These publications are provided in support of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP)
74 Reducing the Risk of
Nonstructural Earthquake Damage: A Practical Guide (1994)
Practical
information for owners, operators, and occupants of office and commercial
buildings about the vulnerabilities posed by earthquake damage to nonstructural
items and how to deal with these potential problems.
83 Seismic
Considerations for Communities at Risk (1995)
A guide for local
communities on how to determine if they are at risk from a seismic hazard and
what steps to take to reduce that risk, including adopting and enforcing a
suitable building code. (Revised version will be available in 2002)
84 Societal
Implications: Selected Readings
This
book of readings provides participants in the building process at the local,
state, and regional levels with information on the most significant societal
implications of adopting new or improved seismic regulations for new buildings.
Included are papers on such topics as estimated impact of the NEHRP
Recommended
Provisions on design and construction costs, seismic hazards in various areas
of the U.S., seismic safety codes, current seismic hazard mitigation practices
and programs, and recent seismic safety policy research. Also contains an
extensive bibliography, a list of information sources, and a glossary of terms.
To
order publications and videos, you may write:
FEMA, PO BOX 2012, Jessup, MD 20794-2012
call: 1-800-480-2520, M-F 8am-5pm EST fax: 301-362-5335
Please include the title, item number, short title, and
quantity of each publication, along with your name, address, zip code, and
daytime phone number. If you have ordered before and know your customer service
number, please include it to keep your address updated.
Many
of these publications are available on the FEMA website.
The
website publications have a web link button under the publication number. Click
on the button to go directly to the website.
88 Guidebook
for Developing a School
Provides guidelines to assist the school community (principals, teachers, staff, and parents) in developing an earthquake safety program.
99 Improving
Seismic Safety of New Buildings: A Non-Technical Explanation of NEHRP
Provisions (1995)
Provides information for non-technical users to assist in assessing the seismic risk to their buildings and their community and to determine what mitigation actions can be taken to reduce the risk.
140 Guide to Application of the NEHRP Recommended Provisions in Earthquake-Resistant Building Design (1995)
This guide introduces the concepts presented in the NEHRP Provisions and provides descriptive material that will foster use of the provisions. It is for design professionals, building regulatory officials, and researchers.
154 Rapid Visual Screening of Buildings for Potential Seismic Hazards: A Handbook (1988)
Detailed instructions for non-technical users to determine the seismic safety of buildings by conducting a 15-30 minute inspection, using a form to document building characteristics observable only from the outside.
(Revised version to be ready by end of 2001)
155 Rapid Visual Screening of Buildings for
Potential Seismic Hazards: Supporting Documentation (1988)
A set of documents explaining, in non-technical language, the methodology used to develop the above Handbook (FEMA 154). (Revised version to be ready by end of 2001)
156 Typical Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of
Existing Buildings, Second Edition, Volume I-Summary
(1994)
An approach for estimating the cost of seismic rehabilitation of all types of buildings nationwide, based upon a sample of over 2000 actual projects. For design professionals, building inspectors, and building owners.
157 Typical Costs for Seismic Rehabilitation of
Existing Buildings, Second Edition, Volume II -Supporting Documentation (1995)
Background information on the statistical methodology used in Volume I and guidance on how to calculate the range of uncertainty associated with costs. Forms for the calculations are also provided.
159 Earthquake – A Teacher’s Package for K-6
(Tremor Troop)
Curriculum for teachers
to use for kindergarten through 6th grade classes.
172 NEHRP
Handbook of Techniques for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings
(1992)
A compendium of widely
accepted techniques for the seismic structural and non-structural
rehabilitation of a broad spectrum of buildings and components, primarily for
the use of engineers.
173 Establishing
Programs and Priorities for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings: Supporting
Report
This Supporting Report
includes additional information and commentary such as background
documentation, annotated bibliographies, and reproductions of selected laws and
ordinances. Presented in summary form in Establishing Programs and Priorities
for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings: Handbook (FEMA-174).
174 Establishing
Programs and Priorities for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings: Handbook
This Handbook, together
with FEMA-173, Supporting Report, provides the information needed to develop a
seismic rehabilitation program, with particular reference to establishing
priorities. The Handbook is intended to help local jurisdictions make informed
decisions on rehabilitating seismically hazardous existing buildings by
providing nationally applicable guidelines. It discusses the pertinent issues
that merit consideration, both technical and societal, and suggests a procedure
whereby these issues can be resolved.
178 NEHRP
Handbook for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings (1992)
A nationally applicable
multi-step methodology that allows engineers to identify buildings or
components that pose a life-safety risk in case of earthquakes. Used as a
standard for evaluating seismic safety of Federal buildings in compliance with
Executive Order 12941. FEMA-310 is the revised version of this handbook.
198 Financial
Incentives for Seismic Rehabilitation of Hazardous Buildings – An Agenda for Action
- Volume 1: Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
The intent of this
document, together with Volume 2 (FEMA-199) and Volume 3 (FEMA-216), is to
identify and describe the existing and potential regulatory and financial mechanisms
and incentives for reducing risks posed by existing buildings in an earthquake.
Volume 1 includes a discussion of the methodology used for these documents,
background information on financial incentives, as well as findings,
conclusions and recommendations for use by decision makers at local, state and
national levels.
199 Financial
Incentives for Seismic Rehabilitation of Hazardous Buildings – An Agenda for
Action - Volume 2: State and Local Case Studies and Recommendations
The intent of this document,
together with Volume I (FEMA-198) and Volume 3 (FEMA-216), is to identify and
describe the existing and potential regulatory and financial mechanisms and
incentives for lessening the risks posed by existing buildings in an
earthquake. Volume 2 includes detailed descriptions of the twenty case
studies that were examined as part of the project.
227 Benefit-Cost
Model for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Hazardous Buildings Volume 1: A User’s
Manual
The two benefit-cost
models presented in this report are designed to help evaluate the economic
benefits and costs of seismic rehabilitation of existing hazardous buildings.
The single class model analyzes groups of buildings with a single structural
type, a single use, and a single set of economic assumptions. The multi-class
model analyzes groups of buildings that may have several structural types and
uses. The User’s Manual presents background information on the development of
the benefit-cost model and an introduction to the use of benefit/cost analysis
in decision-making. It reviews the economic assumptions of benefit-cost models,
with and without the value of life. The User’s Manual guides the user through
the model by presenting synopses of data entries required, example model
results, and supporting information. Seven applications of the models are
presented: five of the single-class model, two of the multi-class model (Note:
Computer software to run the benefit/cost model is available on 3” diskettes
and can be used on IBM compatible personal computers with at least 386 CPU. The
computer must also have Windows and Quattro Pro).
228 Benefit-Cost
Model for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Hazardous Buildings Volume 2:
Supporting Documentation
Supporting
Documentation complements the User’s Manual (FEMA-227, Volume 1), by providing
four appendices that help the user understand how benefit-cost models are
constructed. The appendices include: 1) a review of relevant literature; 2) a
section on estimating costs for seismic rehabilitation; 3) a compilation of
tables for the Seattle building inventory; and 4) some insights into the
building rehabilitation of the nine cities visited during this project (Note:
Computer software to run the benefit/cost model is available on 3” diskettes
and can be used on IBM compatible personal computers with at least 386 CPU. The
computer must also have Windows and Quattro Pro).
232 Home
Builders Guide for Earthquake Design
This guide provides
details to home builders and owners to ensure that homes include structural
features that resist earthquake forces.
233 Earthquake
Resistant Construction of Gas and Liquid Fuel Pipeline Systems Serving, or
Regulated by, the Federal Government
This publication
reviews past performance of gas and liquid fuel pipeline systems in
earthquakes, and provides available standards and technologies that can protect
these facilities against future earthquake damage. It also provides an overview
of federal mitigation measures that have been taken to protect pipeline
systems.
237 Development
of Guidelines for Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings — Phase 1: Issues
Identification and Resolution
This report was
intended to assist in the preparation of Guidelines for the Seismic
Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings. The report identifies and analyzes issues
that might impact the preparation of the Guidelines and offers alternative and
recommended solutions to facilitate their development and implementation. Also
discussed are issues concerned with the scope, implementation, and format of
the Guidelines, as well as coordination efforts, and legal, political, social,
and economic aspects. In addition to issues concerning historic buildings,
research and new technology, seismicity and mapping, engineering philosophy and
goals are discussed. The report concludes with a presentation of issues
concerned with the development of specific provisions for major structural and
nonstructural elements.
240 Earthquake
Preparedness (What Every Childcare Provider Should Know) (April 1993)
Provides information to
childcare providers to prepare for an earthquake. Provides tips for preparing
an emergency and disaster plan.
241 Identification and Reduction of
Nonstructural Earthquake Hazards (For Schools) (July 1993)
This publication is
intended for school property managers to use in identifying nonstructural
hazards and what actions they can take to reduce these hazards.
253 Seismic
Sleuths – Earthquake Curriculum for 7-12 graders
Curriculum supplement
for teachers to use for 7th through 12th grade students.
255 Seismic
Rehabilitation of Federal Buildings: A Benefit/Cost Model Volume 1: A User’s
Manual
This User’s Manual and
accompanying software present a second-generation cost-benefit model for the
seismic rehabilitation of federal and other government buildings. Intended for
facility managers, design professionals, and others involved in decision
making, the cost/benefit methodology provides estimates of the benefits
(avoided damages, avoided losses, and avoided casualties) of seismic
rehabilitation, as well as estimates of the costs necessary to implement the
rehabilitation. The methodology also generates detailed scenario estimates of
damages, losses, and casualties. The Manual describes the computer hardware and
software required to run the program. It also explains how to install the
program, how to use Quattro Pro for Windows, and how to enter necessary data. A
tutorial provides a fully worked example. Benefit/Cost analyses of eight
federal buildings are included (Note: Computer software to run the benefit/cost
model is available on 3” diskettes and can be used on IBM compatible personal
computers with at least 386 CPU. The computer must also have Windows and
Quattro Pro).
256 Seismic
Rehabilitation of Federal Buildings: A Benefit/Cost Model Volume 2: Supporting
Documentation Prepared for FEMA by VSP Associates, Inc: Sacramento, CA, 1994
This Supporting
Documentation contains background information for the User’s Manual, including
information on valuing public sector services, discount rates and multipliers,
the dollar value of human life, and technical issues that affect benefit/cost
analysis, such as seismic risk assessment and sensitivity analysis (Note:
Computer software to run the benefit/cost model is available on 3” diskettes
and can be used on IBM compatible personal computers with at least 386 CPU. The
computer must also have Windows and Quattro Pro).
267 Interim
Guidelines Evaluation, Repair, Modification, and Design of Welded Steel Moment
Frame Structures
Provides interim
(pending completion of SAC Steel Building Project) recommendations for design
professionals and building regulatory officials on methods to design and
construct or evaluate, inspect, and repair new and existing welded steel moment
frame buildings. These buildings or structures are the type that did not perform
as well as expected in the Northridge Earthquake.
First-of-its-kind,
performance-based, nationally-applicable, consensus-approved set of technical
criteria on how to seismically rehabilitate existing buildings. Includes new
approaches, analytical methods, and acceptance criteria for all building
materials. For use by design
professionals, building regulatory personnel, building owners, and researchers.
(Superseded by FEMA-356 for design and construction purposes; use FEMA-273 for
research purposes only)
274 Commentary on the NEHRP Guidelines for the
Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings
Provides
technical background, supplementary information and related data to help users
apply the Guidelines for Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings. (FEMA-272)
Provides information
and examples of different community efforts to reduce the risks presented by
existing buildings.
276 Example Applications of the NEHRP
Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings
This volume discusses
and illustrates the process for applying the Guidelines (FEMA-273) through the
use of real building examples taken from around the United States. Organized
around a wide variety of typical building types, the volume presents
descriptions of actual buildings that have been seismically rehabilitated. For
each building type, there is a description of the characteristic structural
system, a listing of typical seismic deficiencies commonly observed,
corresponding suggested rehabilitation measures, and a tabulation of typical
costs of seismic rehabilitation for that building type. Each building type is
illustrated by at least two examples of real structures (one in a region of
high earthquake risk, the other in moderate or low risk) that have undergone
seismic rehabilitation. These mini-case studies include a photograph of the
building, present a list of actual deficiencies found, and describe the
rehabilitation scheme that was developed to correct the deficiencies. Several
historic buildings, and examples using innovative technologies such as seismic
isolation, energy dissipation, and seismic dampers, are included in the case
studies. For each major construction material (steel, concrete, wood and
masonry), one building is presented with example calculations for a FEMA-273
analysis. These calculations provide a detailed, step-by-step illustration of
all of the key procedures contained in FEMA-273.
306 Evaluation of Earthquake-Damaged Concrete
and Masonry Wall Buildings, Basic Procedures Manual
This
document provides practical criteria and guidance for evaluating earthquake
damage to concrete and masonry wall buildings. Component Damage Classification
Guides and Test and Investigation Guides are included. Detailed drawings
accompany the text.
307 Evaluation of Earthquake Damaged Concrete
and Masonry Wall Buildings, Technical Resources
This document provides
background and theoretical information to be used in conjunction with the
guidelines given in FEMA 306. Relevant analytical and experimental findings are
included, as well as additional background information on the Component Damage
Classification Guides.
308 The
Repair of Earthquake-Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings
Intended
for design engineers, building owners, building officials, insurance adjusters,
and government agencies, this document provides practical guidance for the
repair and upgrading of earthquake-damaged concrete and masonry wall buildings.
The publication contains sections on performance-based repair design, repair
technologies, categories of repair, and nonstructural considerations. The last
section includes Repair Guides, which provide outline specifications for
typical repair procedures.
310 Handbook for the Seismic Evaluation of
Buildings: A Pre-Standard
An improved and updated
version of FEMA 178 (q.v.), for engineers, that incorporates advances in
technology, information derived from recent earthquakes, higher than
life-safety performance levels, and a three-tiered approach.
315 Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings:
Strategic Plan 2005
In addition to
providing a discussion of the mission, history, and previous results of FEMA’s
Existing Building Program (EBP), this publication provides four objectives and
25 tasks to be carried out through the EBP in the years to come. The four
objectives are to: 1) promote seismic rehabilitation and advance the
implementation of previously developed materials; 2) monitor the use of and
refine existing materials; 3) develop new seismic rehabilitation tools; and 4)
consider new program directions for the EBP. Estimated costs for the next 10-15
years and guidelines for plan implementation are also included. The Plan
broadens the EBP’s original goal by emphasizing the protection of the nation’s
economy by limiting fatalities, life-threatening injuries, as well as property
and economic losses from earthquakes by increasing the number of seismically
resistant buildings in all areas of identified earthquake risk. This
publication is expected to provide FEMA managers with guidance on the conduct
of the EBP program in the years to come and takes the EBP to a new threshold:
implementation through support of commitments to seismic rehabilitation in the
United States.
318 Existing School Buildings: Incremental
Seismic Retrofit Opportunities (1995)
Provides technical
guidance to school district facility managers for linking specific incremental
seismic retrofit opportunities to specific maintenance and capital improvement
projects. Users of the document will typically: (1) identify a
maintenance/capital improvement project about to be planned or undertaken and
go to the applicable matrix or matrices; (2) identify the building types in
which the project will be undertaken and note all the applicable seismic
retrofit opportunities; (3) review the applicable retrofit measure descriptions
provided and incorporate some or all of the applicable measures; and (4) use
risk analysis to help in prioritizing a large number of applicable retrofit
measures.
343 Case Studies: An Assessment of the NEHRP
Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings
This document analyzes
the fundamentals and usefulness of the NEHRP Guidelines for the Seismic
Rehabilitation of Buildings and its companion Commentary (FEMA 273/274). The
text is divided into the following sections: background and conduct of the case
studies project; summary of key findings; guidelines usability; guidelines
technical adequacy; and design and construction costs. Brief descriptions of
case studies are included in the text, as well as recommendations for
improvements and further research.
356 Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic
Rehabilitation of Buildings
This
is the successor document to FEMA-273. Using the same performance-based and nationally
applicable basic concepts, approaches, and methodologies, this document
converts FEMA-273 into mandatory language and brings it up to date to reflect
lessons learned from recent earthquakes and results of new research and other
studies. The Standards Committee of the American Society of Civil Engineers is
processing this document with
the
objective of developing an American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
approved standard.
357 Global Topics Report on the Prestandard and
Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings
This document is a
complete record of the changes and reasons for the changes that were made in
converting FEMA-273 into FEMA-356. As such, it is a reference document.
366 HAZUS®99 Estimated Annualized
Earthquake Losses for the United States
This
loss study is an important milestone in a long-term, FEMA-led effort to analyze
and compare the seismic risk across regions in the U.S. and supports the
mission of the NEHRP – to develop and promote knowledge and mitigation
practices and policies that reduce fatalities, injuries, and economic and other
expected losses from earthquakes.
368 NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic
Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures, 2000 edition, Part 1:
Provisions
This document, for
building professionals, presents criteria for earthquake resistant design and
construction.
368 NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic
Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures,
2000 edition, Part 2: Commentary
This commentary
provides background and supporting information for the Part 1: Provisions
document.
WWW--Seismic
Retrofitting of Non-Structural Elements: Lighting in the Los Angeles Unified
School District Report on Costs and Benefits of Natural Hazard Mitigation
(1997)
Along with the
structural modification of buildings, there are many non-structural measures
that can be taken to protect people and property from seismic hazards. The
suspended lighting retrofit project for the Los Angeles Unified School District
that was initiated after the Northridge Earthquake disaster provides one such
example.
WWW--Facilities
Management of Existing School Buildings: Two Models (1994)
This
document presents two models that offer ways a school district administration,
regardless of size, may improve earthquake safety for its existing buildings.
Model A is intended for districts in which facilities planning is mainly
reactive, and crisis management is practiced. Model B is for districts in which
facilities planning is a proactive function within an overall facilities
management process.
15 Design
Guidelines for Flood Damage Reduction
Provides information to
design professionals and state and local building officials on how to design
flood damage resistant buildings.
37 Flood
Insurance Study Guidelines and Specifications for Study Contractors (January
1999)
Guidelines to define
policies and procedures for the preparation of FISs, re-studies, and LMMP
projects.
54 Elevated Residential
Structures
Provides information to
design professionals and state and local building officials on how to elevate
residential buildings to reduce flood damages.
55 Coastal Construction
Manual
Provides information to
design professionals and state and local building officials on how to design
and construct coastal buildings to resist hurricane-related damage.
85 Manufactured Home
Installation in Flood Hazard Areas
Provides information to
design professionals, state and local building officials, and manufactured home
installers on how to install manufactured homes in flood hazard areas to resist
flood damages.
Provides information to
design professionals and state and local building officials on how to design
and construct dry flood-proofed, non-residential buildings.
114 Design Manual for Retrofitting Flood-prone
Residential Structures (September 1986)
Provides information to
design professionals, homeowners and state and local building officials on how
to retrofit flood-prone residential buildings.
116 Reducing Losses in High Risk Flood Hazard
Areas: A Guidebook for Local Officials
Provides information to
state and local officials on how to reduce flood related losses.
Provides information to
design professionals and state and local building officials on how to mitigate
flood damages on alluvial fans.
186 Mandatory Purchase of Flood Insurance
Guidelines (May 1997)
The 1994 National Flood
Insurance Reform Act imposes significant new obligations on lenders and their
servicers. These guidelines are intended to supplement, not replace, a review
of the applicable statutes and regulations.
213 Answers to Questions About Substantially
Damaged Buildings (March 1991)
Provides information to
homeowners and state and local floodplain management officials on how to
properly determine if a building is substantially damaged in accordance with
National Flood Insurance Program regulations.
234 Repairing Your Flooded Home (Joint FEMA -
American Red Cross publication)
Provides information to
building owners and state and local officials on how to repair flood-damaged
buildings.
257 Mitigation of Flood and Erosion Damage to
Residential Buildings in Coastal Areas
Provides an overview of
the state-of-the-art mitigation measures for coastal flood and erosion hazards.
Provides information on
how to properly use FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps.
259 Engineering Principles and Practices for
Retrofitting Flood Prone Residential Buildings
Provides engineering
design and economic guidelines to engineers, architects, and local code
officials about what constitutes technically feasible and cost-effective
retrofitting measures for flood prone residential structures. It focuses on
retrofitting one to four family residences subject to flooding situations
without wave actions.
265 Managing Floodplain Development in
Approximate Zone A Areas: A Guide for Obtaining and Developing Base (100-year)
Flood Elevations (July 1995)
Provides guidance for
community officials, property owners, developers, surveyors, and engineers who
may need to determine Base (100-year) Flood Elevations (BFEs) in special flood
hazard areas designated as Approximate Zone A on the FEMA Flood Insurance Rate
Maps.
281 Hurricane Opal: Building Performance
Assessment Report
Provides information to
designers and state and local officials on how to reduce flood related losses
based on lessons learned from Hurricane Opal.
290 Hurricane Fran in North Carolina: Building
Performance Assessment Report
Provides information to
designers and state and local officials on how to reduce flood related losses
based on lessons learned from Hurricane Fran.
Provides
detailed information to state and local floodplain managers about how to
calculate substantial damage in accordance with the National Flood Insurance
Program regulations (includes software that performs necessary calculations).
312 Homeowner’s Guide to Retrofitting: Six Ways
to Protect Your House From Flooding (June 1998)
Provides information on
how to protect homes from flooding.
Helps local communities
through the property acquisition process – from making a buyout decision to
managing and maintaining acquired open space.
347 Above the Flood: Elevating Your Floodprone
House (May 2000)
This
new publication is intended for builders, code officials and homeowners.
Includes
recommendations for Using Future Conditions Hydrology for the National Flood
Insurance Program. For this study, the advantages and disadvantages of several
options were explored. It recommends FEMA incorporate future conditions data
prepared by the communities into NFIP maps for regulatory and insurance
purposes, with reduced insurance rates within the future conditions floodplain.
348 Protecting Building Utilities From Flood
Damage – Principles and Practices for the Design and Construction of Flood
Resistant Building Utility Systems (November 1999)
This manual discusses
flood protective design and construction for utility systems in new buildings
and modifications to utility systems in existing buildings.
FIA-12 A Guide For Community Officials – Appeals,
Revisions, and Amendments to National Flood Insurance Program Maps (December
1993)
This guide provides
basic information about the technical standards to be applied and the
administrative procedures to be followed by local officials and others who
request changes to FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps.
FIA-15 National Flood Insurance Program Community
Rating System Manual
The
Community Rating System, part of the National Flood Insurance Program, helps
reduce the cost of flood insurance for those communities using floodplain
management practices. This is a guide for any community looking for ways to
reduce flood losses.
FIA-20 Converting the National Flood Insurance
Program to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988
(June 1992)
The National Geodetic
Survey has determined that it is necessary to adjust the national vertical
control network. To remain in agreement with the national standard, FIA will be
converting its products to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
FIA-22 Building
Performance: Hurricane Andrew in Florida
Provides information to
professional designers and state and local officials on how to reduce flood and
high wind related losses based on lessons learned from Hurricane Andrew.
FIA-23 Building
Performance: Hurricane Iniki in Hawaii
Provides information to
professional designers and state and local
officials on how to reduce flood and high wind related losses based on
lessons learned from Hurricane Iniki.
FIA-TB-0
Technical Bulletins: User’s Guide with Key Word and Subject Index (September
1999)
Provides information on
how to obtain and use NFIP bulletins.
FIA-TB-1
Technical Bulletin 1: Openings in Foundation Walls (April 1993)
Provides information to
professional designers and state and local land use, floodplain management,
zoning, and building officials on how to design and install openings in
foundations to reduce flood damages.
FIA-TB-2
Technical Bulletin 2: Flood-Resistant Materials Requirements (April 1993)
Provides information to
professional designers and state and local land use, floodplain management,
zoning, and building officials on how to use flood damage resistant materials.
FIA-TB-3
Technical Bulletin 3: Non-Residential Floodproofing - Requirements and
Certification (April 1993)
Provides information to
professional designers and state and local land use, floodplain management,
zoning, and building officials on how to design and construct dry
flood-proofing for non-residential buildings.
FIA-TB-4
Technical Bulletin 4: Elevator Installation (April 1993)
Provides information to
professional designers and state and local land use, floodplain management,
zoning, and building officials on how to design and install elevators to reduce
flood damages.
FIA-TB-5
Technical Bulletin 5: Free-of-Obstruction Requirements (April 1993)
Provides information to
professional designers and state and local land use, floodplain management,
zoning, and building officials about how to design coastal building foundations
to reduce flood damages.
FIA-TB-6
Technical Bulletin 6: Below-Grade Parking Requirements (April 1993)
Provides information to
professional designers and state and local land use, floodplain management,
zoning, and building officials on how to design and construct below grade
parking that does not increase flood damages.
FIA-TB-7
Technical Bulletin 7: Wet Floodproofing Requirements (December 1993)
Provides information to
professional designers and state and local land use, floodplain management,
zoning, and building officials on how to design and install wet flood proofing
to reduce flood damages.
FIA-TB-8
Technical Bulletin 8: Corrosion Protection for Metal Connectors in Coastal
Areas (August 1996)
Provides guidance on
the need for, selection of, and use of corrosion-resistant metal connectors for
the construction of buildings in coastal areas.
FIA-TB-9
Technical Bulletin 9: Design and Construction Guidance for Breakaway Walls
Below Elevated Coastal Buildings (September 1999)
A guide to the NFIP
regulations for the design and construction of breakaway walls beneath elevated
buildings in Coastal High Hazard Areas (Zones V, VE, and V1-V30).
I-98 (Flood) Bulletin: Use of Flood Insurance
Study (FIS) Data as Available Data
A guide for the use of
FEMA draft or preliminary FIS data as “available data” for floodplain
development.
L-153 Retrofitting Flood-prone Residential
Structures (Brochure)
Provides basic
information on retrofitting flood prone residential buildings.
L-198 After a Flood: The First Steps (brochure)
Provide basic
information for homeowners on how to recover from a flood.
Provides basic
information to professional designers and state and local land use, floodplain
management, zoning, and building officials on how to dry floodproof
non-residential buildings to reduce flood damages.
WWW--Student
Manual for the Independent Study Course #9, Managing Floodplain Development
Through the NFIP (August 1999)
This student manual
from the Independent Study #9 has been provided in the Mitigation Library as a
study tool for the Association of State Flood Plain Managers (ASFPM) Certified
Floodplain Manager Exam.
WWW--The
President’s Long-Term Recovery Action Plan for the 1997-1998 Florida Winter
Storms (May 1998)
In 1998, the President
activated the Long-Term Recovery Task Force under the Direction of FEMA because
of flooding and severe wind damage from a series of storms in virtually every
county of Florida. The Action Plan, developed by the Task Force, provides
direction on the recovery effort for Federal departments and agencies, based on
identified local and state needs. It also includes a chapter describing the
state’s three-tiered planning system that facilitates the development and
implementation of local mitigation strategies, as well as an appendix
documenting the success of mitigation measures taken after previous storms.
WWW--The President’s
Long-Term Recovery Action Plan for the March 1998 Alabama Floods (April 1998)
WWW--The
President’s Long-Term Recovery Action Plan for the March 1998 Georgia Floods
(April 1998)
In March 1998, the President
activated the Long-Term Recovery Task Force under the Direction of FEMA because
of widespread flooding from severe storms across the states of Alabama and
Georgia. The Action Plans developed by the Task Force provide direction on the
recovery effort for Federal departments and agencies, based on identified local
and state needs. It includes a chapter for local officials on community actions
to reduce future vulnerability to flooding and an appendix documenting the
success of mitigation measures taken after previous floods.
WWW--Federal
Programs Offering Non-Structural Flood Recovery and Floodplain Management
Alternatives, Executive Office of the President (June 1998)
The goal of this
handbook is to provide information to local officials and other interested
parties about Federal programs that support a non-structural approach to
floodplain management.
WWW--Repairing
Your Flooded Home
A poster on repairing
your flooded home.
A comprehensive, step-by-step
guide for local communities interested in acquiring flood-prone properties.
WWW--Interim
Guidance For State and Local Officials - Increased Cost of Compliance Coverage
(September 1997)
Provides information on
the increased cost of compliance coverage under the National Flood Insurance
Program and how it relates to a community’s administration of floodplain
management laws and ordinances following a flood.
WWW--Guide For
Preparing Technical Support Data Notebook
This engineering study
data package provides guidelines and specifications for study contractors.
WWW---Assessment
of Structural Flood-Control Measures on Alluvial Fans (October 1993)
This report was
prepared in 1993 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at FEMA’s request.
WWW--Technical
Mapping Advisory Council 1999 Annual Report (January 31, 2000)
Congress passed the
National Flood Insurance Reform Act in 1994 directing FEMA to establish the
Technical Mapping Advisory Council to recommend ways to improve Flood Insurance
Rate Maps and the mapping process.
WWW--Modernizing FEMA’s Flood Hazard Mapping Program: Map
Modernization Program Progress Reports (September 1999)
FEMA developed a plan
in 1997 to modernize the FEMA flood-mapping program. This is the September 1999
progress report on that effort.
WWW--Guidelines for Determining Flood Hazards on Alluvial Fans
(February 23, 2000)
This document provides
an approach that considers site-specific conditions in the identification and
mapping of flood hazards on alluvial fans.
WWW--Riverine Erosion Hazard Areas, Mapping Feasibility Study
(September 1999)
This study addresses
requirements in the National Flood Insurance Reform Act of September 1994 to
determine whether it is technologically feasible to map riverine erosion hazard
areas.
WWW--Evaluation of Erosion Hazards (April 2000)
The report, required by
the National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994, addresses perceived
deficiencies of the National Flood Insurance Program and its treatment of
long-term coastal erosion. The report was conducted by a private, independent
entity. It recommends that FEMA map coastal erosion hazard areas and include
the cost of expected erosion losses when setting flood insurance rates along
the coast.
WWW--Cooperating Technical Communities Guidance Document (July
1999)
This guide is for
regional, state and local agencies considering whether to become a Cooperating
Technical Community partner with FEMA.
WWW--Cooperating
Technical Community Questions and Answers (July 1999)
This document provides
answers to frequently asked questions about the Cooperating Technical
Communities initiative.
WWW--Guidelines
and Specifications for Flood Map Production Coordination Contractors, Final
Draft (February 17, 1999)
These guidelines define
the technical requirements, coordination and documentation activities, and
product specifications for Flood Map Production Coordination Contractor
functions in support of FEMA and the National Flood Insurance Program.
Base Map
Specifications for the New Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map Product (May 26,
1999)
In accordance with the
map modernization objectives, FEMA has developed base map specifications for a
new Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map.
Cooperative
Technical Partners (CTP) Website
The
CTP initiative is an innovative program to create partnerships between FEMA and
NFIP communities, regional agencies and State agencies that have the interest
and technical capability to become more active participants in the FEMA Flood
Hazard Mapping process. For more information, please go to www.fema.gov/
mit/tsd/CTP_main.htm, where you’ll find frequently asked questions, guidance
information for prospective partners, CTP news by state, success stories, and
other useful information.
22 Building
Performance: Hurricane Andrew Against the Wind
A guide for homeowners
to improve their home’s survival against high winds. Provides information to
professional designers and state and local land use, floodplain management,
zoning, and building officials on how to reduce flood and high wind losses
based on lessons learned from Hurricane Andrew.
23 Building
Performance: Hurricane Iniki in Hawaii
Provides
information to professional designers and state and local land use, floodplain
management, zoning, and building officials on how to reduce flood and high wind
related losses based on lessons learned from Hurricane Iniki.
320 Taking Shelter From The Storm -
Building a Safe Room Inside Your House (August 1999)
An information and
design guide for homeowners and builders on constructing in-house Safe Rooms
for protection from extreme wind hazards from tornadoes and hurricanes. The
booklet includes: • a homeowner risk assessment worksheet; • guidance for
selecting a shelter design; • detailed construction plans for builders and
contractors; and • cost estimates.
338 Building Performance Assessment Team (BPAT)
Report – Hurricane Georges in the Gulf Coast (March 1999)
The BPAT process guides
state and local governments through post-hurricane reconstruction and new
construction to enhance future building design and construction.
339 Building Performance Assessment Team (BPAT)
Report – Hurricane Georges in Puerto Rico (March 1999)
The BPAT process guides
state and local governments through post-hurricane reconstruction and new
construction to enhance future building design and construction.
WWW--National Performance Criteria for Tornado Shelters (May 28,
1999)
These
performance criteria are to be used by design professionals, shelter
manufacturers, building officials, and emergency management officials to ensure
that shelters constructed in accordance with these criteria provide a
consistently high level of protection.
WWW--Against The Wind, Protecting Your Home From Hurricane Wind
Damage
This brochure discusses
what you can do to protect your home from the next hurricane.
WWW--Economic Impact Assessment of Hurricane Floyd for New
Jersey (March 2000)
This report, completed
by the Commerce Department’s Economic Development Administration at FEMA’s
request, provides a comprehensive assessment of the economic impact of
Hurricane Floyd on the affected areas of New Jersey.
WWW--Economic Impact Assessment of Hurricane Floyd for North
Carolina (March 2000)
This report, completed
by the Commerce Department’s Economic Development Administration at FEMA’s
request, provides a comprehensive assessment of the economic impact of
Hurricane Floyd on the affected areas of North Carolina.
Economic Impact
Assessment of Hurricane Floyd for Virginia (March 2000)
This report, completed
by the Commerce Department’s Economic Development Administration at FEMA’s
request, provides a comprehensive assessment of the economic impact of
Hurricane Floyd on the affected areas of Virginia.
361 Design
and Construction Guidance for Community Shelters (July 2000)
This document is a guidance manual for engineers, architects, building officials, and prospective shelter owners. It presents important information about the design and construction of community shelters that will provide protection during tornado and hurricane events.
Tornadoes:
Nature’s Most Violent Storms
A Preparedness
Guide Including Safety Information for Schools (1992)
This preparedness guide
for schools explains the cause of tornadoes, provides diagrams of how they
form, describes variations of tornadoes, and classifies tornadoes by strength.
Maps and statistics are given for several outbreaks across the United States.
The guide shows how weather radar provides information on developing storms.
Maps and charts reveal the frequency of tornadoes and number of deaths caused
by tornadoes in each state.
Tornado
Protection: Selecting and Designing Safe Areas in Buildings (June 1990)
This
brochure helps architects design facilities which protect against high winds
from tornados and hurricanes. It provides information on tornado
characteristics, including formation and damage intensity and also on the
hazardous and protective elements of buildings. Case studies from three schools
that were either partially or totally destroyed by tornadoes are highlighted.
31 Safety
of Non-federal Dams—A Review of the Federal Role, National Research Council
(NRC), (Nov 1982)
The NRC organized the
Committee on the Safety of Non-federal Dams, at the request of FEMA, to study
issues related to the safety of non-federal dams. It’s objective was to
determine the proper role of the U.S. Government in enhancing the dam safety
programs of individual states.
64 Emergency
Action Planning Guidelines for Dams, Interagency Committee on Dam Safety
(October 1998)
The
general purpose of these guidelines is to encourage thorough, consistent
emergency action planning to help save lives and reduce property damage in areas
that would be affected by dam failure or operation.
93 Federal
Guidelines for Dam Safety
The
overall purpose of these guidelines is to enhance national dam safety. The
immediate objective is to encourage high safety standards in the practices and
procedures Federal agencies use or require of those they regulate for dam site
investigation, design, construction, operation and maintenance, and emergency
preparedness. As these guidelines are directly applied to make Federal dams
safe, it is hoped that they will also influence state dam safety agencies and
public and private dam owners to be more safety conscious where programs are
now weak.
94 Federal
Guidelines for Selecting and Accommodating Inflow Design Floods for Dams
Interagency Committee
on Dam Safety. The purpose of these guidelines is to provide thorough and
consistent procedures for selecting and accommodating Inflow Design Floods
(IDFs). However, they are not intended to provide a complete manual of all
procedures used for estimating inflow design floods; the selection of
procedures is dependent upon available hydrologic data and individual watershed
characteristics. An engineer experienced in hydrology and hydraulics should
perform all studies. The studies should be directed and reviewed by engineers
experienced in dam safety and should contain a summary of the design.
316 Model
State Dam Safety Program, Association of State Dam Safety Officials for FEMA
In an effort to create
a guide for state officials initiating or improving state programs, this “Model
State Dam Safety Program” was developed originally in 1987 and amended in 1997
to reflect the experience of state programs. It outlines the key components of
an effective dam safety program. It does not mirror any particular state
program nor does it supplant any state’s existing criteria. It can be used as a
guide in the development of more effective and sustainable state programs that
will ultimately eliminate the unnecessary risks created by unsafe dams.
333 Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety: Hazard
Potential Classification Systems for Dams (October 1998)
Provides the most
complete and authoritative statement available on the desired management
practices for promoting dam safety and the welfare of the public.
334 The National Dam Safety Program Act
Implementation Plan, FEMA, Sept 1997
Developed as part of
FEMA’s response to Public Law 104-303 to establish and maintain a coordinated
dam safety program.
336 1997 Update Report on Review of State
Non-Federal Dam Safety Programs, Vol. II.
Association of State Dam
Safety Officials, Oct 1998.
WWW--Progress
Through Partnerships: The National Dam Safety Program in Fiscal Year 1998-1999
(December 1999)
This
is the biennial report to Congress on the progress and partnership of the
National Dam Safety Program.
WWW--Federal
Guidelines for Dam Safety: Emergency Action Planning for Dam Owners (October
1998)
An Emergency Action
Plan (EAP) is a formal document that identifies potential emergency conditions
at a dam and specifies preplanned actions to be followed to minimize property
damage and loss of life.
WWW--Selecting
and Accommodating Inflow Design Floods for Dams (October 1998)
The
purpose of these Guidelines is to provide thorough and consistent procedures
for selecting and accommodating Inflow Design Floods (IDFs). However, they are
not intended to provide a complete manual of all procedures used for estimating
inflow design floods; the selection of procedures is dependent upon available
hydrologic data and individual watershed characteristics. All studies should be
performed by an engineer experienced in hydrology and hydraulics, directed and
reviewed by engineers experienced in dam safety, and should contain a summary
of the design.
294 Report
on Costs and Benefits of Natural Hazard Mitigation
This publication
reviews the types of benefits that can accrue to different segments of society
from mitigative measures, the types of costs that can be incurred by
undertaking the actions, and the types of analyses needed to evaluate the
cost-effectiveness associated with the mitigation measures.
331 Second Report on Costs and Benefits of
Natural Hazard Mitigation
This second publication
in the FEMA Success Stories Publication Series contains case studies that
highlight businesses that have reduced their risks to natural hazards. The case
studies also focus on how these businesses have benefited from substantial
returns on their investments since taking their mitigation actions.
364 Planning for a Sustainable Future: The Link
Between Hazard Mitigation and Livability
Focuses on a vision of
sustainable communities and shows communities how prevention planning pre- and
post-disaster can serve as a catalyst
for creating more sustainable communities throughout the nation.
WWW--Multi-Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
FEMA initiated a research project to clarify and document previous efforts to identify natural and technological hazards, and to assess associated risks. This r